The most common signs of cancer are too often dismissed as normal signs of ageing
Persistent fatigue and unexplained weight loss often get written off as consequences of ageing, but this assumption could be costing lives.
But according to a cancer specialist, they are among the signs people too often ignore before seeking help from a doctor.
Most ongoing symptoms have a harmless explanation, but it's important not to dismiss any symptoms that are persistent or unexplained.
Cancer cases in the nation have reached a record high, with more than 403,000 people now diagnosed every year, according to Cancer Research UK.
A radiation oncologist and Medical Director at the Proton Therapy Centre in Prague, Dr Jiri Kubes, says one of the biggest misconceptions is that cancer always causes obvious signs from the outset, when in reality the signs are subtle and easily mistaken for common ailments.
"One symptom on its own rarely points to cancer," he explained.
"And the vast majority of people experiencing these symptoms will not have cancer.
"The important thing is persistence. If something continues for several weeks, keeps returning or simply doesn't feel right for you, it's always worth getting checked."
Fatigue is the first major sign worth monitoring — as when cancer is the cause, it doesn't improve with rest. Doctors take it seriously once it starts getting in the way of daily activities.
Dr Kubes notes that this type of fatigue is "often described as an overwhelming exhaustion".
He continued: "There are many possible explanations, including anaemia, thyroid disorders and poor sleep — but persistent fatigue should always be discussed with your GP if it isn't improving."
It's reasonable to expect a cough caused by viral infections to settle within a few weeks, but one that persists or gradually gets worse — particularly alongside breathlessness, chest pain or coughing up blood — should never be ignored.
"A persistent cough doesn't automatically mean cancer," said Dr Kubes. "In fact, there are many more common causes.
"However, if it continues beyond a few weeks, it's sensible to have it addressed."
Another warning sign of cancer is losing weight without changing your diet or exercise routine. While many conditions cause unexpected weight loss, it's one symptom doctors always want to investigate.
"If you're losing weight despite eating normally, it's important to understand why," Dr Kubes explained.
"Often, there will be another explanation — but it's not something that should be overlooked."
